Fig. 4

D. vulgaris changed the core GM composition and its associated metabolic pathways. (a&b) The abundance of SRB and D. vulgaris on the 17th and 24th days using qPCR. (C) The analysis of alpha diversity. (d) PCoA for the different groups. (e) Average relative abundance of the dominant phyla. (f) LDA score among the groups. (g) Heatmap analysis for the bacteria associated with SCFAs-producing and anti-inflammation among the groups. The relative abundance (≥ 0.05) of each specie was included for heatmap analysis. (h) Heatmap analysis for the microbial KEGG enrichment pathways among the groups. The counts of each enriched KEGG pathway were included for heatmap analysis. For Fig. 4a&b, n = 3. For Fig. 4c-h, n = 4. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001