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Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of subjects included in the study

From: Identification of age-associated microbial changes via long-read 16S sequencing

 

Young (< 36 years)

Middle-aged (36–55 years)

Old (≥ 56 years)

p-value

Sample size (N)

25

30

28

-

Age (years)

28.0 [6.0]

43.5 [8.8]

66.0 [10.3]

0.001*

Sex

    

 Male

 Female

12 (48.0)

13 (52.0)

15 (50.0)

15 (50.0)

13 (46.4)

15 (53.6)

0.963

BMIa

24.1 [4.2]

22.7 [5.3]

22.9 [5.7]

0.496

BMI categorya, b

    

 Underweight

 Normal

 Overweight

 Obese

1 (4.0)

6 (24.0)

11 (44.0)

3 (12.0)

0 (0.0)

14 (46.7)

7 (23.3)

6 (20.0)

4 (14.3)

10 (35.7)

9 (32.1)

4 (14.3)

0.169

Race

    

 Chinese

 Malay

 Indian

24 (84.0)

1 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

27 (90.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (10.0)

27 (96.4)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.6)

0.252

Smoking status

    

 Non-smoker

 Past smoker

 Current smoker

24 (84.0)

1 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

26 (86.7)

3 (10.0)

1 (3.3)

28 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.276

Dietary intakec

    

Total energy (kcal/day)

 Total protein (g/day)

 Total fat (g/day)

  Saturated fatty acids (g/day)

  Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/day)

  Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/day)

 Total carbohydrate (g/day)

  Starch (g/day)

  Sugar (g/day)

 Total fiber (g/day)

 Vitamin A (mg/day)

 Vitamin C (mg/day)

 Calcium (mg/day)

 Iron (mg/day)

 β-carotene (mg/day)

 Thiamin (mg/day)

 Riboflavin (mg/day)

 Potassium (mg/day)

 Zinc (mg/day)

2417.6 [977.1]

91.5 [42.6]

101.3 [23.8]

38.3 [14.4]

38.8 [11.8]

17.0 [6.5]

278.6 [192.6]

172.8 [158.6]

62.6 [43.7]

18.1 [7.8]

871.8 [489.1]

82.5 [48.1]

597.7 [410.8]

16.8 [6.3]

2920.6 [2586.1]

1.4 [1.1]

1.7 [0.7]

2436.0 [1012.6]

11.1 [4.9]

2052.9 [773.4]

83.8 [43.1]

87.6 [26.8]

31.7 [11.6]

34.1 [15.7]

17.0 [6.6]

245.0 [112.1]

145.8 [103.0]

67.6 [41.8]

18.0 [7.9]

758.5 [249.3]

82.6 [49.1]

619.9 [293.9]

15.7 [8.2]

2396.3 [1710.9]

1.5 [0.7]

1.6 [0.8]

2183.9 [749.2]

10.2 [5.7]

1986.4 [1221.5]

83.3 [73.4]

77.5 [58.5]

25.5 [17.8]

29.2 [26.8]

17.3 [11.7]

221.2 [189.0]

148.8 [159.2]

73.9 [34.8]

18.0 [11.3]

771.1 [523.4]

90.9 [63.8]

648.9 [419.7]

15.5 [7.8]

2709.5 [2312.2]

1.4 [0.9]

1.6 [1.0]

2398.8 [1510.2]

10.1 [6.7]

0.396

0.550

0.230

0.099

0.219

0.919

0.449

0.191

0.647

0.922

0.863

0.578

0.786

0.735

0.299

0.899

0.971

0.296

0.371

  1. Non-normally distributed continuous data are presented as median [interquartile range], while categorical data are reported as n (%). p-values are obtained using Kruskal-Wallis test (for non-normally distributed data) or chi-square test (for categorical data). aInformation available for 75/83 participants. bBased on the Asian BMI cut-off (i.e., underweight: BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal: 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 23.0 kg/m2; overweight: 23.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27.5 kg/m2; obese: BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2). cInformation available for 79/83 participants
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Gut Pathogens

ISSN: 1757-4749