Fig. 6
Identification of metabolites associated with the progression from controls towards CD and ITB in terms of consumption, degradation and production through inferred metabolite profiling. A The Principal Co-ordinate Analysis (PCoA) plot describes the variation in microbiomes in three different groups (Controls, CD and ITB) which has been shown in different color legends. Bray–Curtis distance measure has been used to perform the PCoA analysis and the p value and R2 value obtained from PERMANOVA using Bray–Curtis distance has been mentioned as well. B The top right plot (box plots) captures the values of Principle Co-ordinate 1 across three different groups (Controls, CD and ITB) and the significance in the difference between groups have been shown through the p value calculated through Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. C Volcano plot showing the association of different metabolite production profiles with PCo1 (p values obtained from the Spearman correlation analysis were adjusted using Benjamini–Hochberg method for multiple corrections). The same volcano-plot for the consumption/degradation profiles is shown in D. The directionality of association of different functionalities with PCo1 as well as with Control or Diseased microbiome is also indicated. Functionalities that were also validated in the Random Effect Model meta-analysis in Supplementary Figure 11 are shown in red-boxes. E Heatmap on the left panel shows the different taxa associated with the different BA production/consumption profiles. The bar-plot in the middle shows the association of these taxa with PCo1 values of part A of this figure (positive values indicating disease association). The right most heatmap shows the enrichment or depletion in IBD patients across the global cohorts