Table 2 Frequency distribution of Giardia duodenalis infection by hospital setting according to gender, age group, presence/absence of diarrhoea, and sampling period of the cohort of patients investigated in the present study. 95% confidence intervals (CI) are indicated
Iran Hospital (n = 5,720) | Khatam Hospital (n = 628) | Clinical Reference Laboratory (n = 11,107) | All three (n = 17,455) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Pos. | Total | % (95% CI) | Pos. | Total | % (95% CI) | Pos. | Total | % (95% CI) | Pos. | Total | % (95% CI) |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 85 | 2,296 | 3.7 (3.0–4.6) | 8 | 281 | 2.9 (1.2–5.5) | 20 | 1,161 | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 113 | 3,738 | 3.0 (2.5–3.6) |
Male | 112 | 3,424 | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) | 2 | 347 | 0.6 (0.1–2.1) | 99 | 9,946 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 213 | 13,717 | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) |
Age group (yrs.) | ||||||||||||
≤ 7 | 171 | 5,195 | 3.3 (2.8–3.8) | 1 | 26 | 3.9 (0.1–19.6) | 8 | 442 | 1.8 (0.8–3.5) | 180 | 5,663 | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) |
> 7 | 26 | 525 | 5.0 (3.3–7.2) | 9 | 602 | 1.5 (0.7–2.8) | 111 | 10,665 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 146 | 11,792 | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) |
Diarrhoeaa | ||||||||||||
Yes | 121 | 4,297 | 2.8 (2.3–3.4) | 8 | 340 | 2.4 (1.0–4.6) | 14 | 550 | 2.6 (1.4–4.2) | 143 | 5,187 | 2.8 (2.3–3.2) |
No | 76 | 1,423 | 5.3 (4.2–6.6) | 2 | 288 | 0.7 (0.1–2.5) | 105 | 10,557 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 183 | 12,268 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
Sampling period | ||||||||||||
2020–2021 | 77 | 2,504 | 3.1 (2.4–3.8) | 3 | 162 | 1.9 (0.4–5.3) | 83 | 5,204 | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 163 | 7,870 | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) |
2021–2022 | 120 | 3,216 | 3.7 (3.1–4.5) | 7 | 466 | 1.5 (0.6–3.1) | 36 | 5,903 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 163 | 9,585 | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) |