Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in the cohort of patients investigated in the present study. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are indicated. Statistically significant values are bolded
Variables | No. Examined | No. Infected | % Infected | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||||
Female | 3,738 | 113 | 3.0 | 1.97 | 1.55–2.50 | < 0.001 |
Male | 13,717 | 213 | 1.6 | 1 | Ref. | |
Age (years) | ||||||
≤ 7 | 5,663 | 180 | 3.2 | 2.61 | 2.09–3.26 | < 0.001 |
> 7 | 11,792 | 146 | 1.2 | 1 | Ref. | |
Symptom | ||||||
Diarrheica | 5,187 | 143 | 2.8 | 1 | Ref. | |
Non-diarrheicb | 12,268 | 183 | 1.5 | 0.53 | 0.42–0.67 | < 0.001 |
Year | ||||||
2020–2021 | 7,870 | 163 | 2.1 | 1.22 | 0.98–1.52 | 0.072 |
2021–2022 | 9,585 | 163 | 1.7 | 1 | Ref. | |
Location | ||||||
Iran Hospital | 5,720 | 197 | 3.4 | 3.21 | 2.55–4.05 | < 0.001 |
Kh. Hospital/Clin. Ref. Lab. | 11,735 | 129 | 1.6 | 1 | Ref. |