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Table 1 Characteristics of patients, characteristics of acute pancreatitis and clinical outcome before and after propensity score matching

From: Impact of invasive infections on clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis: early predictive factors and implications for prophylactic anti-infective therapy

Variable

All patients

Propensity score-matched patients

Germ(–)

n=332

Germ(+)

n=92

p value

psmGerm(–) n=123

psmGerm(+) n=74

p value

Patient characteristics

Male gender [n]

183 (55.1%)

52 (56.5%)

0.9057

82 (66.7%)

40 (54.1%)

0.0957

Age [years]

57.0 ± 17.9

60.8 ±17.5

0.0763

63.3 ± 16.1

59.9 ± 18.0

0.1675

BMI [kg/m2]

28.2 ± 6.4

27.2 ± 6.7

0.1916

27.2 ± 5.5

27.5 ± 7.2

0.7547

Active abuse [n]

      

 Alcohol

 Smoking

82 (24.7%)

90 (27.1%)

21 (22.8%)

13 (14.1%)

0.7843

0.0092

31 (25.2%)

36 (29.3%)

12 (16.2%)

13 (17.6%)

0.1572

0.0883

Liver cirrhosis [n]

4 (1.2%)

2 (2.2%)

0.6148

1 (0.8%)

2 (2.7%)

0.5576

Diabetes mellitus [n]

61 (18.4%)

18 (19.6%)

0.7645

32 (26.0%)

15 (20.3%)

0.3926

Cardiovasculary disease [n]

193 (58.1%)

67 (72.8%)

0.0111

87 (70.7%)

50 (67.6%)

0.6360

Chronic lung disease [n]

51 (15.4%)

20 (21.7%)

0.1569

27 (22.0%)

17 (23.0%)

0.8618

Chronic kidney disease [n]

27 (8.1%)

20 (21.7%)

0.0006

20 (16.3%)

13 (17.6%)

0.8452

Cerebrovasculary disease [n]

14 (4.2%)

6 (6.5%)

0.4030

7 (5.7%)

4 (5.4%)

1.000

Charlson comorbidity index [score]

3.1 ± 2.7

4.2 ± 2.7

0.0008

4.5 ± 2.9

4.0 ± 2.6

0.2680

Characteristics of acute pancreatitis

Etiology [n]

  

0.0021

  

0.2308

 Biliary

 Post-ERCP

 Ethyltoxic

 Postoperative

 Idiopathic

 Other

168 (50.6%)

69 (20.8%)

15 (4.5%)

26 (7.8%)

27 (8.1%)

27 (8.1%)

29 (31.5%)

20 (21.7%)

5 (5.4%)

16 (17.4%)

6 (6.5%)

16 (17.4%)

 

46 (37.4%)

36 (29.3%)

10 (8.1%)

14 (11.4%)

10 (8.1%)

7 (5.7%)

27 (36.5%)

18 (24.3%)

5 (6.8%)

12 (16.2%)

2 (2.7%)

10 (13.5%)

 

Morphological classification [n]

  

<0.0001

  

0.2681

 Edematous

 Necrotizing

305 (91.9%)

27 (8.1%)

62 (67.4%)

30 (32.6%)

 

102 (82.9%)

21 (17.1%)

56 (75.7%)

18 (24.3%)

 

Severity * [n]

  

<0.0001

  

0.3373

 Mild

 Moderate

 Severe

280 (84.3%)

42 (12.7%)

10 (3.0%)

44 (47.8%)

30 (32.6%)

18 (19.6%)

 

83 (67.5%)

31 (25.2%)

9 (7.3%)

43 (58.1%)

22 (29.7%)

9 (12.2%)

 

Outcomes and length of hospitalization

Antibiotic therapy [n]

139 (41.9%)

39 (42.4%)

1

66 (53.7%)

31 (41.9%)

0.1410

Interventional (endoscopic or radiologic) treatment of (peri-) pancreatic necroses [n]

23 (6.9%)

25 (27.2%)

<0.0001

13 (10.6%)

17 (23.0%)

0.0243

Surgical intervention of (peri-) pancreatic necroses [n]

3 (0.9%)

19 (20.7%)

0.0003

3 (2.4%)

13 (17.6%)

<0.0001

Pleural effusion [n]

84 (25.3%)

63 (68.5%)

<0.0001

47 (38.2%)

46 (62.2%)

0.0012

Ascitic fluid [n]

78 (23.5%)

59 (64.1%)

<0.0001

38 (30.9%)

43 (58.1%)

0.0003

Intensive care treatment [n]

74 (22.3%)

62 (67.4%)

<0.0001

43 (35.0%)

44 (59.5%)

0.0011

Length of stay on ICU [d]

1.5 ± 5.1

13.7 ± 24.7

<0.0001

3.0 ± 7.9

11.5 ± 25.2

0.0007

Length of In-hospital stay § [d]

11.3 ± 10.7

29.8 ± 24.9

<0.0001

14.7 ± 15.0

26.8 ± 22.0

0.0003

Composite outcome # [n]

65 (19.6%)

66 (71.7%)

<0.0001

39 (31.7%)

50 (67.6%)

<0.0001

In-hospital mortality [n]

8 (2.4%)

15 (16.3%)

<0.0001

7 (5.7%)

7 (9.5%)

0.3930

  1. Data are given in mean and SD or n (%). PSM = propensity score matching; BMI = Body mass index; ERCP = Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ICU = Intensive care unit
  2. * Severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed concerning the revised Atlanta classification of 2012 [2]
  3. § Excluding patients who suffered from in-hospital mortality 
  4. # The composite outcome was defined as a prolonged in-hospital stay > 15 days (based on the mean length of stay of the entire cohort) or mortality and was used as the surrogate indicator for overall acute pancreatitis outcome
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Gut Pathogens

ISSN: 1757-4749