Fig. 1

Study design overview and sample sizes. This figure provides a comprehensive overview of the study design, detailing the recruitment and screening process for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and healthy controls in the Finnish and Iranian cohorts. FHC, Finnish HC; FPDAC, Finnish PDAC; HC, healthy control; IHC, Iranian HC; IPDAC, Iranian PDAC; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaa