Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms increases the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: insights from gut microbiota and metabolite features

Table 3 Cox regression for hepatic encephalopathy within one year in patients with cirrhosis

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariable analysis
	HR	95%CI	p-value	HR	95%CI	p-value
Age	1.01	0.94–1.08	0.826
Male sex	2.16	0.27–17.58	0.471
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	0.34	0.04–2.78	0.316
Albumin (< 3.5/≥ 3.5 g/dL)	1.81	0.45–7.23	0.403
Sodium (< 135/≥ 135 mEq/L)	3.99	0.80–19.82	0.091	4.60	0.65–32.60	0.127
LPS (≥ 14.9/< 14.9 ng/mL)	14.97	1.84–121.83	0.011	11.01	1.24–97.50	0.031
Child–Pugh class
A			Reference			Reference
B	3.29	0.60–17.94	0.170	1.12	0.19–6.71	0.903
C	6.59	0.93–46.82	0.060	1.71	0.18–15.82	0.639
MELD scores (≥ 10/< 10)	4.89	0.60–39.72	0.138
History of HCC before enrollment	0.70	0.09–5.67	0.736
MDRO carriage	6.68	1.35–33.13	0.020	5.47	1.02–29.31	0.047

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MELD Model for End-stage Liver Disease, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, MDRO multidrug-resistant organism

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